cause of prostate cancer

The reasons for the incidence of prostate cancer is not entirely clear, but with the race, genetic factors, environmental factors and sex hormone levels, etc., which can be from different ethnic difference in the incidence of significant; yellow emigrated to Europe and the United States increased incidence; and after castration and were not suffering from prostate cancer, such as the fact that. In addition, the work of daily life and whether it also has prostate cancer-induced factors?

At present, the following factors that may be associated with prostate cancer related to:

1, special types of chemical carcinogen or from environmental pollution of cadmium, benzene and other carcinogenic effects of chemical substances;-smokers breathe in the tar and other chemicals can cause cancer, there are data show that regular smokers than those who died of prostate cancer 14 times higher than non-smokers.

2, prostate infections in Denmark over the past 30 years scholars have analyzed the death of prostate cancer incidence curve with the curve of gonorrhea and found that the two are very similar. A group of American scholars in the retrospective study also found that prostate cancer incidence and gonorrhea a clear link between. The test was prompted to do some of the rats infected gland before the death of the tissue culture fluid of rats injected with the species, the infected cells can develop into a tumor. In order to put forward the cause of prostate cancer and viral infections, sexually transmitted diseases and chronic prostate infection.

In addition, the high-fat diet and obesity factors, or it may be the incentive for prostate cancer.

At present, although the medical profession have not been able to fully understand the etiology of prostate cancer, but in everyday life or to avoid the above-mentioned factors may be induced, each middle-aged and older should consciously pay attention to it.

Latest treatment on prostate cancer

prostate cancer treatment

Prostate cancer is a slow progress of the tumor, the symptoms are not obvious, the most commonly seen similar symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms, mostly in the late stage of the more serious symptoms (localized violations or distant metastasis), including the bones, such as pain and weight loss. Early diagnosis and treatment, patients may become better after.

Prostate cancer mortality rate has risen to the top ten causes of male cancer deaths in the first eight, according to statistics the Department of Health pointed out that people suffering from prostate cancer have a tendency to increase year-on-year to 84 years in crude incidence of prostate cancer approximately every 10 male population of 8.7 million people, this data is not if the United States white men per 100,000 population is 101 people, or African-American people than the 137. However, with the lifestyle, the environment, and changes in diet and prostate cancer for men in Taiwan will sooner or later have to face.

Diagnosis of prostate cancer

DRE (DRE), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and other three, is to check whether there is prostate cancer the most basic tool there is. If the outcome of prostate biopsy confirmed the existence of cancer cells, further examination of the project will include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, bone scan, as well as cell differentiation inspection (Gleason grade scores), etc., will help to understand prostate cancer condition (stage). If the cancer cells confined within the prostate can be divided into phase T1 or T2 (localized prostate cancer), T3 period refers to the prostate cancer has been violated or seminal vesicle envelope, and if cancer cells have been transferred to other organs, such as bone, liver or lungs, it is the end of (N + or M +).

Treatment of prostate cancer

There are several factors that may affect the treatment of localized prostate cancer by the way, including the expected survival, physical condition, as well as the quality of life requirements. Men in Taiwan in terms of average life expectancy of 77-year-old, 70-year-old male expectations of the number of years should be able to survive for more than 10 years, the risk of localized prostate cancer for these patients, it is best to carry out radical prostatectomy, or to accept radiotherapy; However, for patients over the age of 75, the best treatment is simply to continue to observe, or implementation of radiation therapy or hormone replacement therapy.

Radical prostatectomy complications, including incontinence and sexual dysfunction, and for some selected sub-groups of patients, the retention of the prostate nerves might be able to keep the capacity of these patients.

Today’s radiation therapy can effectively control localized prostate cancer incidence rate will be reduced to a minimum, to provide patients the choice of the renewal of life. After the radiation therapy, about 20 ~ 30% of patients with biopsy results are still positive, radiotherapy and the 10-year survival rate of radical resection of prostate surgery about the same, so radiation therapy are those unwilling to accept radical prostatectomy patients good choice. For some transfer lesions, radiation therapy can also provide pain relief.

Prostate growth and development of androgen-dependent, mainly ketone and Dihydro Clonorchis Clonorchis solid-solid two-one, so the male can be removed clinically in the treatment of prostate cancer. Both Scott and Boyd will be in the 1960s the use of hormone therapy to the prostate smaller, and was unable to surgical treatment of lesions, can become a tumor resection surgery. Hormone therapy, including orchiectomy surgical approach, or secretion of progesterone hormone (LH-RH) analogues (such as Zoladex or Leuplin) to achieve the purpose of castration, but also with anti-androgen (such as Casodex, Flutamide and Androcur) and other drugs to treat. Hormone therapy can be used as a new adjuvant therapy to surgery or radiation therapy before), adjuvant therapy (after surgery or radiation therapy), or like the majority of the usage, in the treatment of cancer metastasis (N1 or M1), such as serious illness use.

For non-hormonal response of prostate cancer recurrence, or a number of poor transfer of control of prostate cancer, can be considered second-line hormonal therapy or chemotherapy. Extracts of Chinese medicine extract (such as PC-SPES), as well as current research and development of gene therapy, immunotherapy, etc., may also provide another opportunity for the patients.

prostate cancer warning signs

prostate cancer warning signs

How the early detection of prostate cancer?

The majority of prostate cancer patients with bone metastases, because the body feel a certain unit of the orthopedic bone headache to go to the hospital for treatment and found. Unfortunately, at this time has been the development of prostate cancer in advanced stage. Therefore, the importance of early detection of prostate cancer.

At present, the generally accepted clinical effective early detection of prostate cancer is to increase digital rectal examination to check the concentration of serum PSA determination. Digital rectal examination for prostate cancer can be found in areas of induration, seriously careful digital rectal examination for prostate cancer, early diagnosis and staging of great significance. Induration suspicious if it means, it needs to be further lines of prostate biopsy, about 70% of patients can be diagnosed. PSA is a prostate cancer-specific serum indicators generally normal ≤ 4ng/ml. If higher than this target, it will arouse the attention of doctors. Men over the age of 45, preferably every three months to six months to see a urology clinic, and a detailed examination of the prostate-related.

Bone metastasis of prostate cancer treatment What?

Early prostate cancer often male resistance to the treatment of androgen sensitive. As the disease progresses, however, the treatment of androgen resistance will be gradually lost, while also developing prostate cancer in advanced stage.

Bone metastasis of prostate cancer treatment in addition to endocrine therapy (the treatment of androgen resistance), bisphosphonates drug treatment, according to different clinical conditions can also be used chemotherapy and external radiation therapy, radiation therapy with radionuclides and the The type of treatment of integrated applications. Comparison of the treatment of other cutting-edge, such as immunotherapy and gene therapy, is still at an experimental stage and limited clinical application, but has a very broad application prospects.

early symptoms prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is often without clinical symptoms start only when the medical examination digital rectal examination prostate nodules found in prostate cancer began in the prostate with easily palpable peripheral retention and hematuria may be accompanied by benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer-related cause of dysuria and hematuria often an advanced clinical prostate cancer has a considerable number of surgical specimens of benign prostatic hyperplasia is a pathological examination revealed that there are also many cases the symptoms due to the transfer of medical treatment 

Diagnosis of prostate cancer have a point: ① primary tumor; ② lymph node metastasis; ③ distant metastasis

() Primary tumor prostate digital rectal examination found nodules by tru-cut biopsy or transrectal fine-needle aspiration cytology franzen transrectal ultrasound scan of prostate tumor size and scope of understanding of normal prostate and invaded even echo Limits unclear when the echo envelope changes as a result of inflammation and may also be due to differential calculus CT NMR (MR) can also understand the scope of tumor lesions as well as seminal vesicle lymph nodes in bladder lesions

() Lymph node metastasis of prostate cancer is the first violation of the obturator lymph nodes - in fact internal iliac chain lymph nodes in the obturator Department are not violated as often clinically referred to as internal iliac obturator lymph nodes located along the external iliac vein medial iliac Traveling within the blood vessels is the most important lymph nodes should be cleared

In recent years, the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis rely on CT and MR can not be found Lymphography small lesions can be found in% ~% of the transfer but the false negative and false positive in recent years, less the higher the most valuable diagnostic lymphadenectomy improved that internal and external iliac resection between blood vessels and obturator lymph nodes as a staging more precise removal of iliac blood vessels to avoid the pastiliac obturator lymph nodes after the former caused by swollen lymph lymphatic leakage complications such as lower limb swelling due to a wide range of cleaning, even if not prevent the spread of existing

() Distant metastasis intravenous urography ureteral obstruction was found that the tumor had been violated when the bladder neck and seminal vesicle and lymph node metastasis may

Bone metastases after lymph node common isotope scan the whole body to enhance the plain film is normal to expect the transfer of pulmonary x-ray camera can be often found in lung metastasis lymphatic nodular proliferation of rare

Elevated serum acid phosphatase and prostate cancer metastasis in recent years but the lack of specificity of radioimmunoassay can be used to improve their prostate-specific acid phosphatase of prostate antigen monoclonal antibody to improve its specificity remains to be determined period of prostate cancer% C ~% have acid phosphatase increased with lymph node metastasis also increased if there will certainly continue to increase in bone metastasis of prostate acid phosphatase in serum acid phosphatase increased in the post-operative decline was a symbol of better prognosis in the prostate capsule cancer from benign prostatic acid phosphatase secreted by the prostate cells, prostate cancer excretory duct cells produced when the acid phosphatase from non-catheter or catheter obstruction by cancer lesions cycle enzymes and acid phosphatase increased

Check through the above-mentioned stages of prostate cancer can be accounted for Literature Statistics A period% ~% B period period% C%% D period found that more than half of the lesion is not confined to clinical stages of disease often lower than the actual scope of

prostate cancer treatment options

Treatment of prostate cancer can be divided into radical mastectomy radiation therapy of prostate endocrine therapy and chemotherapy selected primarily on the basis of tumor staging period is Al ways of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery incidental lesions found in cancer confined to the HPF within the majority of patients the majority of well-differentiated in stable condition around / no treatment can slow the development of lesions only% risk of dying from cancer about a good prognosis because of its general do not advocate radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy endocrine therapy should be regular follow-up line digital rectal examination and serum B-acid A phosphatase treatment% for a period not to extend the consideration should be given to radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy of prostate cancer Phase B should be held in radical prostatectomy better differentiation of B period the majority of surgery can be found in% ~% of metastatic lymph nodes without the year after radical surgery Cancer survival up to% ~% B phase radical prostatectomy has been found in violation of seminal%% ~% of lymph node metastasis, such as surgery is% non-metastatic lymph nodes of prostate cancer lesions confined to B-year period after radical cancer survivors therefore% C at the same time that radiation treatment more difficult period of half of pelvic lymph node metastasis have a view as C must be radical surgery with radiotherapy or endocrine therapy or so-year survival rate%%% year survival without cancer survivors in% D endocrine mainly by radiation and chemical treatment of the following year survival%, respectively, to discuss about the various treatment

 

() Radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer mainly confined to the prostate than those who did not have violations of seminal vesicle and lymph nodes were radical long-term survival after surgery has been used previously by the perineal prostatectomy widely used in recent years retropubic radical surgery for prostate cancer prostate cancer Surgical complications include: impotence incontinence stress urinary incontinence completely straight Jan injury anastomotic stenosis resection of bladder incision infection other thromboembolic complications of lymphedema, such as radical prostate cancer surgery mortality% ~% is currently the more widely used operation that “retention of radical prostate nerves”

() External beam radiation therapy% ~% AB period of prostate cancer often can be controlled because of the failure of the transfer of% of local irradiation both invalid%% invalid distant metastasis and local radiotherapy were used% in the months of the year tumor-free survival B rate of up to% C up to% of colorectal tumor invasion and Statistics ureter bladder cancer-free survival for more than years of radiation therapy which will help to ease the transfer of bone pain

Radiotherapy complications: Acute gastrointestinal tract as a% ~% response often occurred in the first week of discomfort, including diarrhea rectal tenesmus; approximately% and thus to stop the treatment of chronic gastrointestinal complications for chronic diarrhea and rectal ulcers narrow fistula complicated urinary tract accounts for% disease are frequent reports of dysuria hematuria urethral stricture can also cause incontinence, such as genital and lower extremity edema have impotence, etc.

() Endocrine treatment of prostate cells in the normal metabolic functions dependent on androgen in the prostate of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone% in blood from the testes produce testosterone% combined cycle for the sex steroid binding globulin% to only% of albumin free access to the functions of testosterone within the prostate cells to become plasma dihydrotestosterone receptor binding then entered into a complex combination of nuclear chromatin in the DNA; activated DNA variant mRNA should have a prostate cell protein of the password their metabolism is extremely important in prostate cells to androgen different trust the majority of cancer cells rely on androgen endocrine therapy in the removal of androgen directly inhibit the growth of prostate cells are more like the forefront of the more undifferentiated androgen-dependent cancer and ductal carcinoma often do not rely on androgen secretion of adrenal endocrine therapy and dehydrogenation ketene Su-xiong xiong Su-one different in recent years that these androgen on prostate cancer occurrence and development of relations between the very small

() Testicular resection can orchiectomy serum testosterone from ng / dI to ng / dl in order to effectively prevent the majority of androgen-dependent prostate cancer, testicular regression metabolism so that cancer may occur after resection of paroxysmal sweating fever impotence, etc.

() Of estrogen, whether natural and synthetic hormones can be reduced through the pituitary gonadal axis testosterone levels inhibit pituitary gonadotropin release of luteinizing hormone (LH) also increase the sex steroid binding globulin to reduce testicular testosterone synthesis in pituitary prolactin Su-secreting cells reduced DNA synthesis of prostate monthly common lmg ~ mg testosterone can reach to the level of testosterone on the cardiovascular system complications for the application of estrogen to testosterone years become irreversible

() Anti-androgen drugs to stop their primary role is the role of androgen in target cells inhibited DNA synthesis in the nucleus of prostate

() To promote gonadal releasing hormone analogues (LHRH-A) long-term LHRH-A large number of applications not only will it cause too much suppression of gonadotropin secretion of pituitary gonadotropin release of LHRH-A to start so that Leydig cells produce testosterone increased by about month to month ~ day after day can be dropped to achieve the level of testosterone to the advantage of less side effects the drug without cardiovascular complications in testicular function after discontinuation of treatment may be available renaturation sometimes check the forefront of the original cancer to androgen-dependent, such as whether to continue to rely on drugs or the testis resection of LHRH-A commonly used drug for months to reach Buserelin drug to Clonorchis efficiency in recent years, often with sustained-release LHRH-A validity period of time up to months of drug

() Chemical treatment of prostate cancer as a result of% of% of androgen-dependent therefore give priority to the treatment of endocrine therapy chemical commonly used in endocrine treatment failure after radiotherapy, such as the use of

All in all the chemical treatment of prostate cancer is not the ideal objective tumor regression% ~% median survival time of about about months months

what causes prostate cancer

Low-income families, was born in rural areas, smoking, drinking, divorced (widowed),often, eat more eggs and pork, China’s population suffering from prostate cancer The main risk factors, and eat more green vegetables, fruit and beans are important protective factors; China’s prevention of prostate cancer should be taken with diet and behavior-based integrated intervention measures. This is, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Epidemiology, such as Professor Shi Lu, a recently completed research projects concluded. 

China’s prevalence rate of prostate cancer, although less than foreign, but with the aging of our population and the improvement of living standards of residents, the incidence of the disease trend, the etiology of prostate cancer and control groups have not been systematic carried out. In 1996, Professor Shi Lu, who assumed the Ministry of Health funded research project “Epidemiology of prostate cancer and related genetic research,” the residents in Wuhan City, the distribution of the characteristics of prostate cancer prevalence and trends on the basis, through literature search and review , a comprehensive understanding of prostate cancer research because of the status quo, and the use of hospital-based frequency matched case-control study method, the wide-ranging investigation of risk factors and to explore its pathogenesis.

The study investigated a total of histopathology or by cytology diagnosis of 149 cases of prostate cancer patients, with 196 cases of electoral control, according to design requirements of their economic status, personal living habits (such as smoking, drinking, amateur time physical activity habits), occupational categories and occupational history of exposure to toxic, personal disease history and family history of the disease, marriage and birth status, eating habits and frequency, height and weight, and many other investigations. By non-conditional Logistic regression analysis of these factors and the relationship between prostate cancer, results showed that low family income, was born in rural areas, smoking, drinking, divorced (or widowed), often drink milk, eat eggs and pork is prostate cancer risk factors, smoking, drinking, drinking milk, the three factors in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer were synergistic (additive or multiplicative) effects, and eat green vegetables, fruits and legumes are important food protective factors.

Pathogenesis of prostate cancer in the study, researchers used Northern hybridization to detect the prostate cancer oncogene C-erbB-2 and P53 tumor suppressor gene expression, the results showed, P53 in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer may be an important biological role; using PCR-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver nitrate staining of prostate cancer on chromosome 8p22-p12 region-specific sites of hybridization to allelic loss analysis, suggesting that 8p22-p12 regional locus for allele-specific hybridization of the loss and prostate cancer is closely related to the occurrence and development. They also used immunocytochemistry to detect proliferation of prostate cancer tissue insulin-like growth factor - Ⅰ receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression and distribution, indicating that insulin-like growth factor - Ⅰ receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor in prostate or the development of cancer may have an important role.

Relevant experts believe that the study for the comprehensive understanding of China’s population of prostate cancer and the occurrence of major risk factors and development of molecular genetics and cell biological mechanisms is an important theoretical value and practical application of values, and recommended further expansion of the sample, the establishment of multiple control of prostate cancer-related genes in the cancer significance of fat in the process of more in-depth and meticulous research.

Symptoms of endometrial cancer

 
Symptoms
(A) bleeding: pre-and post-menopausal vaginal bleeding irregular endometrial cancer is the main symptom, often to the middle volume of a small amount of bleeding, rarely bleeding. Not only in younger patients or near menopause easily mistaken for irregular menstruation, delayed treatment, even though doctors often neglect. Individual also delayed menstrual cycle, but the law of performance. In postmenopausal patients showed persistent or intermittent vaginal bleeding. Patients with endometrial cancer in general non-contact bleeding. Late bleeding may have tissue miscellaneous.

(B) vaginal discharge: a result of adenocarcinoma in intrauterine growth, less chances of infection than cervical cancer, it may be only a small amount of the initial blood leucorrhea, but Adams took place after the infection, necrosis, there are a large number of stench from the blood-like liquid . Sometimes a mixture of liquid may be small fragments of cancer tissue. Empyema if the cervix, causing fever, abdominal pain, leukocytosis. The general situation was also deteriorating rapidly.

(C) pain: as a result of cancer and bleeding and scheduling solution to stimulate the contraction of the uterus caused by irregular paroxysmal pain, accounting for about 10 ~ 46%. Most of these symptoms occurred in the late stage. Organizations, serosal penetration, such as cancer or connective tissue erosion, bladder, straight or oppression of other organizations also can cause pain, often refractory and was exacerbated; and from the lumbosacral, lower knee to the thigh radiation.

(D) Other: advanced patients reach their lower abdomen the uterus increases or / and adjacent tissues and organs can be caused by the side of lower extremity pain, or compression of the ureter caused by ureteropelvic lateral water or by shrinking the kidney; or anemia, weight loss , fever, cachexia, such as the performance of systemic failure.

Ten anti-cancer vegetable

In the World Cancer Research Fund and the United States Agency for Research on Cancer written by experts in the “food, nutrition and cancer prevention”, a book to sum up all over the world study the epidemiology of cancer, prevention of fresh vegetables arrive at carcinoma of the conclusions of the best food. Here, we selected 10 kinds of vegetables, the strongest anti-cancer ability to introduce to you:

     Cauliflower: son of Su-containing carrot, rich of vitamin C, β-carotene and other anti-cancer substances, people who eat broccoli cancer, lung cancer, the risk of a significant reduction.

     Cabbage: cabbage special antioxidants can lead to breast cancer, removal of estrogen. One study found that eating 1 week cabbage people suffering from colorectal cancer risk of 1 per month cabbage to eat 66 percent of people.

     Carrots: Carrots in the prevention of cancer is the main component of β-carrot β-carotene in the blood of people with low susceptibility to various types of cancer. It has been reported every day to eat a medium-sized carrot, and risk of lung cancer can be reduced by half.
 
     Onion: Onion rich antioxidants help prevent cancer.

     Spinach: contains a variety of green leafy vegetables such antioxidants, a large number of reports, spinach or its components in preventing cancer caused by free radical damage. The folic acid content of spinach is also high, folic acid also has anti-cancer effect. It has been reported every day to eat a bowl of spinach lung cancer can reduce the probability of at least half.

     Tomatoes: Tomatoes HMC is the highest content of food. The study found that blood levels of high red tomatoes can make older people suffering from pancreatic cancer and uterine cancer reduced the risk.

     Garlic: The study found that people who eat garlic do not susceptible to cancer, such as gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer and so on.

     Asparagus: the rage in recent years one of the world table of vegetables, rich in vitamins, rutin, nucleic acid and other ingredients. Studies have shown that asparagus on lymphatic sarcoma, bladder cancer, skin cancer, with special effects, but also as a complementary treatment of cancer drugs.

     Mushroom: In recent years, found that mushrooms containing 1,3-β-glucosidase, have a therapeutic effect of cancer, tumor suppressor can significantly enhance the ability of the body. Therefore, the mushrooms in the international prevention and treatment of cancer known as “nuclear.”

     Study: The main components of mannan, in addition to containing starch, protein, minerals and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Modern medical research shows that konjac may be the prevention of leukemia, brain tumor, nasopharyngeal cancer, thyroid cancer.

Learn the signs of cancer!

Anti-Cancer Association of Japan has put forward the “risk is 10″ is the best indicator of cancer symptoms.

     People will become more and more weight, complexion is getting worse, almost suspected anemia. The characteristics of gastric cancer cachexia is the result of mischief. Patients after weight loss, anemia followed is death; This is the general characteristic of cancer.

     Mouth or skin ulcers are difficult to cure. Occurred mainly in the tongue and skin cancer.

     A sore throat, and long-term can not be restored. This is the characteristics of laryngeal cancer.

     Has been a long-term cough, sputum and occasionally mixed with blood, such as the blood of lung cancer.

     Swallow food, it is the feeling of choking, usually esophageal cancer.

     Long-term gastrointestinal discomfort, and reduced appetite may be gastric cancer; and there will be blood, looks like a black general.

     Irregular bowel movement, discharge of faeces mixed with blood occasionally may be colorectal cancer or rectal cancer.

     Breasts are not long-term elimination of the tumor, which is a sign of breast cancer.

     Increase in female genital secretions, or a mixture of blood, unexplained bleeding or contact bleeding, cervical cancer may be.

     Poor urination or mixed with blood, which is kidney cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer symptoms.

     In addition, very early on the American Cancer Society, the “seven early warning signs” are:

     Change in bowel or urinary habits.

     Difficult to heal wounds.

     Unusual bleeding or discharge.

     Thickening of the breast or other organizations, or block the formation of tumors.

     Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.

     Wart or mole of the apparent variability.

     Chronic sore throat or not.

     American Cancer Society and in the latest report that the more “quiet” of cancer, the hidden variables less quiet. From all walks of life continue to publish despite the warning signs of cancer, but the majority of people are still being ignored. Because when a patient finds himself in some symptoms, they usually will be frightened, and refused to seek further medical advice, do not accept these characteristics is a sign of cancer. On these signs, it is necessary to further the reader explained in detail, including the following:

     Weight loss: diet or if there is no additional movement of consumption, within two weeks to alleviate two kilograms, or five kilograms a month to reduce, it must be carefully.

     Fever: 70 percent of cancer and the experience of suffering from fever, especially liver cancer. Fever is a type of cancer fluctuations in body temperature than normal temperature will be back to normal again.

     Fatigue: weight loss or poor physical fitness can lead to debilitating fatigue often this phenomenon is in further violation of human cancer, resulting in the loss of blood when. Usually occurs in the stomach or colon cancer.

     Pain: pain occurred in the vast majority of diseases, but we can not deny that is why so many of the first warning of cancer. Such as malignant tumors at an early stage is usually extreme pain; lead to urinary bladder cancer pain; some people think that lung cancer will be the arm, shoulder, upper arm, lateral chest pain. This is because the cancer is spreading.

     Changes in the skin: There are many signs of cancer can be visually accessible. The most obvious is skin cancer, it can change the color and the expansion of the regional.

     Black: usually in the hands, neck.

     Red: breast cancer, lung cancer and cervical cancer.

     Itch: pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, brain cancer

     Abnormal skin by regular hair.

To go abroad for medical treatment

The first is health care agent has been in Shanghai, in the future, go abroad to see the doctor will no longer be a dream, and if necessary, as you will have the opportunity to Sang Lan as the United States medical treatment. A few days ago, Taiwan’s top health advisory services ltd “anxing” landing in Shanghai, and successfully registered Business Advisory Services Limited, launched the first batch of 17 medical agents, and the United States, Britain and other countries more than 20 referral hospitals sector. A health care agent told reporters that the transfer agent will be solely responsible for the patient. When the patient was diagnosed after a disease, once the agent to the medical help, they will be the fastest speed in the history of post-translational transfer to a local hospital referral department, the deployment by the local institutions and audit for patients to choose for the authority of doctors. 12 days, the number of doctors will also be tailor-made set of recommendations for the patient treatment.
Once the patient has confirmed the need for referral, the broker will then draw up a set of best escort program. And at this time, health care agent is not the end of the mission, he will also accompany. Patient treatment process, the broker will also help patients and doctors to communicate effectively and provide professional psychological services to patients at home.
It is reported that this a new type of medical services will be appeared in Shanghai in the second half. Although the international community has yet to finalize the referral fee, but according to the relevant sources, in a foreign country, an international 2000 U.S. dollars generally require referral.
According to the briefing, the first batch of medical agent has a medical background are professionals, and patients will be the biggest beneficiary. Agent will be standing on the patient’s point of view — not select the best doctors and hospitals, but patients choose the most suitable. It is worth mentioning that, brokers will account for medical expenses for patients as much as possible to reduce the price of space.